Water pollution in zimbabwe pdf

Effectiveness of water hyacinth eichhornia crassipes. Access to electricity is estimated nationally at nearly 40%, with urban access standing at nearly 80%, but access to electricity in the rural areas of the country is much lower, at about 19%, due to prohibitive. The dump site, located at the spot where munene river which flows into mozambique begins, has been in. A trans boundary pollution conflict is developing between zimbabwe and mozambique over an uncontrolled dumpsite in zimbabwes eastern border city, mutare. Water woes in zimbabwes urban areas in the middist of. Pollution of water is now an offence and the polluter pays principle applies. Pollution of river bodies has become a major problem that is becoming critical because of. The objective of this paper was to determine the main challenges for urban water supply in masvingo city in zimbabwe and give. Heavy metal contamination of ground water from an unlined. In zimbabwe, water contains not life but lifethreatening diseases due to contamination from industrial works. The standard participatory rural appraisal pra methods followed to analyze data, collected from the local people concerning their perception. National water authority means the zimbabwe national water authority established by section 3 of the zimbabwe national water authority act, 1998. This pollution is realised in the form of organic wastes such as sewage.

Water, sanitation and hygiene wash unicef zimbabwe. Based on information that was collected in august 2014, the paper shows that air pollution is a major environmental problem and should be addressed seriously at both local and national levels. Result of survey about air pollution, water pollution, greens and parks satisfaction, light and noise pollution, etc. Zimbabwe experienced a cholera epidemic in 2008 and 2009. Air pollution is a major environmental problem in industrialized countries such as. Water storage development is therefore dependent on runoff accumulated during the rainy season. This hampers the use of water for downstream purposes and increases the cost of treatment.

The daily water supply rate in the developing countries is very low compared to the industrially developed countries. Water supply and sanitation in zimbabwe is defined by many small scale successful programs but also by a general lack of improved water and sanitation systems for the majority of zimbabwe. Most of these cases were attributed to consumption of contaminated water and food. According to the world health organization in 2012, 80% of zimbabweans had access to improved, i. It contributes to breathing problems, chronic diseases, increased hospitalization, and premature mortality. Zimbabwe national water policy august 2012 ii foreword it is a known fact that zimbabwe has limited water resources, with much of the country being semiarid and the mean annual rainfall being generally low. Pollution prevention environmental impact reduction. The effects of water pollution are far outreaching not only having implications on health, but also disruption of aquatic. Weaknesses in the water act of 1976 led to major water sector reforms. We are an organisation that is very cognisant of the need to protect. Water pollution major problem the herald zimbabwes. Protecting the environment pollution newsday zimbabwe. Water pollution control a guide to the use of water.

Wastewater use or water reuse is an established practice in zimbabwe that started in the 1950s in bulawayo at aisleby farm, and in 1959 with the reclamation of wastewater from thorngrove wastewater treatment plant for nonpotable use gumbo, 1998. Addressing climate change threats to zimbabwes water. Wpab water pollution advisory board zinwa zimbabwe national water authority. The problem of water scarcity in urban areas of developing countries is a major concern. In zimbabwe major threats include pollution, deforestation, erosion and siltation of rivers. Harare like zimbabwes other major cities has been grappling with water pollution, which has mostly been blamed on industries, filling stations and food outlets. A collection of interesting recent water pollution news stories from the new york times. Zimbabwe air quality policies this document is based on research that unep conducted in 2015, in response to resolution 7 of the unea 1. Effectiveness of water hyacinth eichhornia crassipes in. The current water and sanitation situation in zimbabwe faces many challenges around capacity, behaviours and the lack of investment in these sectors during and after the economic crisis of the last decade.

A network of sampling sites is visited at least every three months, although the ideal frequency is monthly. Air pollution from indoor sources is the single largest contributor to the negative health effects of air pollution in mozambique. Some of the problems of water supply for harare include. Over the past decade, newspaper headlines have reflected a wide range of water challenges, from shortages to breakdowns in wastewater services to falling groundwater levels.

Water pollution is the contamination of natural water bodies due to direct or indirect discharge of effluent into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds. The advantages associated with using bioindicators are as follows. Water is a core development issue in zimbabwe, a mostly semiarid country with limited water resources. Our clean future life is ultimately about choices and so is pollution. Ofthese systems almost 50% produce effluent ofpoor quality lake. Sewage depletes oxygen in water, which in turn kills plants and fish. The relation to environmental pollution it in irrigation. Zimbabwes air is polluted by vehicle and industrial emissions, while water pollution results from mining and the use of fertilizers. Water pollution rises leave a reply masvingo city council has announced a 50 percent increase in the quantity of chemicals that are used in the treatment of water owing to the high levels of pollution in lake mutirikwi. Water pollution and its impact on the human health water quality data have analyzed by microsoft excel software. In 2014, government directed companies to set up onsite treatment plants to minimise effluent that is eventually discharged into the sewer system. Water quality assessment in terms of water quality index.

Whi le pr evious res earche s have gi v e n bri ef and rather superficial accounts on the. Wastewater production, treatment, and use in zimbabwe. Access to clean water is a basic right that is important for the survival of humanity yet it can be one of the hardest resources to attain. However, wqi depicts the composite influence of different water quality parameters and communicates water quality information to the public and legislative decision. This document is based on research that unep conducted in. One of the major origins of water pollution is zimbabwe s small industry of. Owa department of integrated science, federal college of education, okene, kogi state, nigeria phone.

In terms of the body that is set up to deal with the provision of water, the zimbabwe national water authority act chapter 20. Mozambique water pollution from a dumpsite, zimbabwe ejatlas. Water woes in zimbabwes urban areas in the middist of plenty. Water pollution control a guide to the use of water quality. Water, climate and rural settlements defining water pollution as the introduction of substances that are dangerous to human health, harmful to. Water management in zimbabwe is currently governed by the water act chapter 20. The resulting water pollution is a serious threat to the wellbeing of both the earth and its population. Chemical analyses, which include common inorganic ions, are performed by the water quality analysis laboratory in harare. National water policy zimbabwe water sanitation and hygiene. Before 1998, the water act of 1976 was in use to govern water use and development. River water quality is monitored routinely by provincial pollution control officers. Department of environmental science and health, national university of science and technology, bulawayo, zimbabwe corresponding author. Nov 19, 20 zimbabwes constitution and domestic laws protect the right to water and, through protections concerning the environment, the right to sanitation.

The city of harare is supplied with water from lakes chivero and darwendale or manyame river, seke and harava dams on the outskirts of the city. Harare city water pollution shocker the sunday mail. Arrangement of sections enacted by the president and the parliament of zimbabwe. Outdoor air pollution is a mix of chemicals, particulate matter, and biological materials that react with each other to form tiny hazardous particles. Addressing climate change threats to zimbabwes water resources. Estimation of perceptions about pollution in harare. A major sign of water pollution in water bodies in major towns and cities in this country is the presence of water hyacinth. Water pollution is characterized by a large set of adverse effects upon water bodies such as lakes, rivers, oceans and groundwater caused by human activity. There are over 8000 dams with a storage capacity of about 4900 million cubic metres ministry of mines, environment and tourism 1998. A few of these concepts and techniques are discussed below. Nov 03, 2008 zimbabwe s air is polluted by vehicle and industrial emissions, while water pollution results from mining and the use of fertilizers. The water act is complemented by other acts and policies. National water policy zimbabwe water sanitation and.

Major environmental issues facing zimbabwe essay 1763 words. Assessment of human impact on water quality along manyame river. Air pollution is regulated under the environmental management act of 2002 and the atmospheric pollution prevention act of 1971 reduce emissions from. Result of surveys about air pollution, water pollution, greens and parks satisfaction, light and noise pollution, etc. Water, climate and rural settlements defining water pollution as the introduction of substances that. Masvingo city council has announced a 50 percent increase in the quantity of chemicals that are used in the treatment of water owing to the high levels of pollution in lake mutirikwi. Some studies have shown a link between sewer pollution and an increase in bloody diarrhoea amongst five year old children in zimbabwe 6.

In china, the water you drink is as dangerous as the air you breathe by deng tingting, the guardian, 2 june 2017. Zimbabwes specific water problems and solutions water. Pdf harare, the capital city of zimbabwe, is facing water quantity and quality problems, with serious pollution of the downstream lake chivero. Zimbabwes river system heavily polluted the standard. This paper ex a mines the problem of air pollution in zimbabwe with a view to suggesting possible s o lutions. Some questionnaires designed and used to interview the people. Zimbabwes constitution and domestic laws protect the right to water and, through protections concerning the environment, the right to sanitation. Water weed which has invaded and is choking harares main water sources like lake chivero. Water quality index wqi is valuable and unique rating to depict the overall water quality status in a single term that is helpful for the selection of appropriate treatment technique to meet the concerned issues. The nation has been estimated to have the highest ddt concentrations in the world in its agricultural. One of its major causes is modern technology which depends heavily on fossil fuels coal and oil and dates back to the industrial revolution, which started some two centuries ago.